What is the proper formula for calculating impulse using momentum?

The concept of impulse in relation to momentum is grounded in the fundamental principle that impulse is the change in momentum of an object when a force is applied over a certain period of time.

The formula for impulse can be expressed as the product of mass and the change in velocity (∆v) over the change in time (∆t). This essentially derives from Newton's second law, which states that force is equal to mass times acceleration. When you integrate this over a time interval, you arrive at impulse.

Impulse is therefore calculated by taking the mass of an object and multiplying it by the change in velocity that occurs during a particular time interval. This relationship emphasizes that the larger the change in velocity or the longer the force is applied, the greater the impulse produced.

When evaluating other options, they do not accurately reflect the relationship defined by physics. Impulse is specifically linked to the change in momentum via a change in velocity and time, making the first option the correct representation of what impulse represents in a momentum context.